Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Organophosphate pesticide DEDT promotes diabetic retinopathy progression via AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37183-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: DEDT impairs retinal cell viability and disrupts tight junction integrity. (A-B) The effects of various concentrations of DEDT (0–50 µM) on cell viability under high glucose conditions were assessed in ( A ) HRMECs and ( B ) ARPE-19 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 8). (C-D) The time-dependent effects of 40 µM DEDT on cell viability under high glucose exposure were evaluated in ( C ) HRMECs and ( D ) ARPE-19 cells. ( E ) Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used to evaluate the barrier integrity of HRMECs treated with 40 µM DEDT under high glucose (HG) conditions at various time points. ( F ) Dextran permeability assay. (G-J) Protein expression levels of tight junction markers ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 were measured using WB analysis. All DEDT treatments were conducted under HG exposure. TEER values were expressed in Ω·cm². Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns = not significant compared to the DR or HG group.

Article Snippet: HRMEC cells was purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China; Catalog No. CP-H130) and ARPE-19 cells was purchased from ATCC (Catalog No. CRL-2302).

Techniques: FITC-Dextran Permeability Assay, Expressing

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of New Catechol Hydrazinyl-Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Protectors in Retinal Degenerative Processes

doi: 10.3390/antiox14060646

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability of ( a ) human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), ( b ) dermal fibroblasts (BJ), and ( c ) lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). Cells were exposed to different concentrations of 5a and 5b . Data (% of the control group) are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments with a minimum of three technical replicates/experiment. ** p < 0.02, * p < 0.001 vs. control (for 5a ); # p < 0.001 vs. control (for 5b ).

Article Snippet: The ARPE-19 cell line was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH (Eppelheim, Germany) and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/F-12 (HAM) 1:1 (Biological Industries, Beit, Israel).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Perfluorooctanoic acid in indoor particulate matter triggers oxidative stress and inflammation in corneal and retinal cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72600-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on human corneal cells. ( a ) PFOA showed minimal cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) treated with different concentrations of PFOA for 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. ( b ) PFOA induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCEpiC treated with different concentrations of PFOA for 6 h. Levels of ROS were determined using 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Experimental groups were compared using ANOVA ( P < 0.0001), and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were used for paired comparisons between phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control) and 0.5% (v/v) DMSO, 400 ppm PFOA, 200 ppm PFOA or 100 ppm PFOA-treated HCEpiC. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ( c ) PFOA altered tight junctions in HCEpiC. Relative transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured in HCEpiC incubated with PBS (control), 0.5% DMSO, 400 ppm PFOA, or 200 ppm PFOA for 24 h. Experimental groups were compared using ANOVA ( P < 0.0001), and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were used for paired comparisons between control and 0.5% DMSO, 400 ppm PFOA or 200 ppm PFOA-treated HCEpiC. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ( d ) PFOA treatment decreased the expression level of claudin-1. Cells were treated with different concentrations of PFOA for 24 h, and the level of claudin-1 was determined by western blotting. β-actin was used as an endogenous reference protein. The expression levels of claudin-1 were normalized against β-actin and the relative expression levels compared with the control were noted above each lane. ( e ) Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in HCEpiC. Cells were seeded on transwell inserts with a 0.4-µm pore size incubated with PBS (control) or 400 ppm PFOA for 16 h, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in apical and basolateral compartments were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Unpaired t-test was used to determine significant differences between control and PFOA treated groups. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Asterisks denote statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, HsinChu, Taiwan, and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F-12 medium (1:1) (90%) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Saline, Control, Incubation, Expressing, Western Blot, Pore Size

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Perfluorooctanoic acid in indoor particulate matter triggers oxidative stress and inflammation in corneal and retinal cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72600-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by corneal epithelial cells, which affected inflammatory responses of corneal endothelial cells. ( a ) Inflammatory cytokines in the corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) basolateral media may alter the tight junction integrity of corneal endothelial cells (HCEC). Relative transepithelial electrical resistance of HCEC incubated with PBS (control), interleukin (IL) 6 (20 ng/mL), or HCEpiC basolateral media for 24 h. Experimental groups were compared using ANOVA ( P = 0.0014), and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were used for paired comparisons between control and IL-6- or HCEpiC basolateral media-treated HCEC. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ( b ) Inflammatory cytokines in the corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) basolateral media may induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by HCEC. Basolateral media of HCEpiC cells treated with PBS (control) or PFOA for 16 h were collected and used to treat HCEC for 16 h. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Unpaired t-test was used to determine significant differences between control and PFOA treated groups. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Asterisks denote statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, HsinChu, Taiwan, and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F-12 medium (1:1) (90%) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Incubation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Perfluorooctanoic acid in indoor particulate matter triggers oxidative stress and inflammation in corneal and retinal cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72600-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induced inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. ( a ) Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) towards retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. ( b ) Inflammatory cytokines in the HCEC basolateral media may disrupt tight junctions in ARPE-19 cells. Relative transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of ARPE-19 cells incubated with PBS (control), interleukin (IL) 6 (20 ng/mL), or human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) basolateral media for 24 h. Experimental groups were compared using ANOVA ( P = 0.0001), and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were used for paired comparisons between control and IL-6- or HCEC basolateral media-treated ARPE-19 cells. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ( c ) Basolateral media of HCEC treated with PBS (control) or corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) basolateral media for 16 h were collected and used to treat ARPE-19 cells for 16 h. ARPE-19 cells were also treated with 50 μM A2E for 16 h. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Experimental groups were compared using ANOVA, and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were used for paired comparisons between control and HCEC basolateral media- or HCEC basolateral media + A2E-treated ARPE-19 cells. P values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ( d ) Same experiment as in Fig. 3c, using human primary retinal epithelial cells instead of ARPE-19 cells. Asterisks denote statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, HsinChu, Taiwan, and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F-12 medium (1:1) (90%) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Incubation, Control